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Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii

(Müll.Arg.) Allem (2001)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Euphorbiaceae Genus: Manihot

ceara rubber tree, ceará rubber tree

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Glabrous trees 8–12 m tall.

Stems: Rarely stems herbaceous, with milky sap, often with tuberous roots.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades peltate, palmately 3–5–lobed, the lobes obovate to broadly elliptic, 8–20(–30) cm long, nearly as wide. Lower surfaces glaucous. Margins entire. Petioles 10–25 cm long. Stipules often minute.

Flowers: Flowers in terminal or sometimes axillary panicles; Staminate flowers racemose along the central axis pistillate flowers on lateral branches. Flowers unisexual. Calyx greenish externally, dark purple within at base, yellowish toward apex, 1.5–1.8 cm long; Calyx lobes 5, imbricate, often petaloid. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens in staminate flowers 10, in 2 series, distinct; anthers introrse pistillate flower staminodes sometimes present. Ovary superior (pistillate flowers), 3-celled; ovules 1 per cell; styles 3, connate below; stigmas dilated and lacerate. Staminate flower ovary absent or vestigial.

Fruit: Capsules subglobose; 2–2.3 cm long; the surface warty. Seeds smooth; seed coat thin and crustaceous.

Ploidy: 2n = 36

Habitat: Moist to wet; disturbed areas in mesic to wet forest.

Elevation Range: 150–300 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Other Animals

Pollinators

Specimens

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Bibliography

Name Published In: Novon 11: 160 (2001)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:625 (K, O, M, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:279 (KEY), 291 (DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem upper palolo valley roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN garber, d.w. collector number: 29 Oahu BISH 11/2/1919
2 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem Pahoa HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 2/20/2018
3 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem honolulu, tantalus, hawaii agri. expt. station PRESERVED_SPECIMEN storey, w.b. Maro Reef BISH 10/8/1930
4 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem kaneohe, haiku valley valley bottom among guava trees PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 1335 Oahu BISH 2/8/1936
5 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem about 1000 feet elevation trees are growing wild along the road for about 1/2 mile going down to napoopoo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN corn, c. Hawaii BISH 9/4/1985
6 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem Highway 11 near Kurtistown, mile 9-10; Puna District Saplings growing in disturbed area on roadside. No flowers or fruit. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Pratt, L.W. 3320 Hawaii BISH 6/12/2003
7 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem W Maui, Lahaina District, Kauaula Stream Lower stream corridor. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H70313 Maui BISH 7/3/2003
8 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem east maui, hana district, ~2 mi. e of hanawi gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN webster, g.l. gankin, r.; herbst, d.r. collector number: 13961 Maui BISH 6/27/1968
9 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem South Kona, above Honaunau roadside among Prosopis and Haemotoxylum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 2072 Hawaii BISH 8/22/1987
10 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem tantalus, u.s.experiment station PRESERVED_SPECIMEN macdaniels, l.h. collector number: 372 Oahu BISH 1/24/1927
11 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem W Maui, Lahaina District, Kauaula Stream Lower stream corridor. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Collector Number: H70313 Maui BISH 7/3/2003
12 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem w maui, lahaina district, kauaula stream Lower stream corridor. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h70313 Maui BISH 7/3/2003
13 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Landgraf, M.F. Oahu BISH 11/11/1955
14 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem Tantalus, U.S.Experiment Station PRESERVED_SPECIMEN MacDaniels, L.H. 372 Oahu BISH 1/24/1927
15 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem waimanalo research station full sun PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lau, j. collector number: 1801 Oahu BISH 12/30/1985
16 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem east maui, hana hwy. 3 mi. from hana town pasture with Psidium undergrowth PRESERVED_SPECIMEN spence, g. collector number: 136 Maui BISH 12/20/1972
17 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Landgraf, M.F. s.n. Oahu BISH 11/11/1955
18 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem highway 11 near kurtistown, mile 9-10; puna district Saplings growing in disturbed area on roadside. No flowers or fruit. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN pratt, l.w. collector number: 3320 Hawaii BISH 6/12/2003
19 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem Hana coast, E Maui. Along Hana Hwy 3 mi from Hana town. Pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Spence, G. 136 Maui US 12/20/1972
20 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem hana coast, e maui. along hana hwy 3 mi from hana town. Pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN g. spence 136 Maui US 12/20/1972
21 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem foster botanic garden full sun PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lau, j. collector number: 2893 Oahu BISH 10/28/1986
22 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem Foster Botanical Garden, 50 Vineyard Blvd, economic garden Cultivated PRESERVED_SPECIMEN C. R. Annable 3378 NY 3/21/1997
23 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem Honolulu, Palolo Valley, Waiomao Road. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN W. M. Bush 663 Oahu PTBG 6/5/1977
24 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem o’ahu, oahu. tantalus. 3000 tantalus drive Mesic-wet forest; disturbed. Roadside. Associated with Eucalyptus sp., Setaria palmifera PRESERVED_SPECIMEN g. j. ray 1010 NY 10/23/1997
25 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem foster botanical garden, 50 vineyard blvd, economic garden Cultivated PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. r. annable 3378 NY 3/21/1997
26 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem Waimanalo Research Station. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Joel Lau 1801 Oahu PTBG 12/30/1985
27 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem E. Maui, Honomaele. On side of Ulu'aino Road and other waste areas. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H60123 Maui PTBG 6/11/2001
28 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem Waita Reservoir. Along bank on northwest side of reservoir. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1240 Kauai PTBG 9/26/1985
29 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem Honolulu, Tantalus, Hawaii Agri. Expt. Station PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Storey, W.B. s.n. Oahu BISH 10/8/1930
30 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem Waimanalo Research Station full sun PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 1801 Oahu BISH 12/30/1985
31 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem East Maui, Hana District, ~2 mi E of Hanawi Gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Webster, G.L. 13961 Maui BISH 6/27/1968
32 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem East Maui, Hana Road between Mahiku and Kaeliku roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 9907 Maui BISH 8/20/1933
33 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem tantalus, makiki side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kerr, m. collector number: 393-o Oahu BISH 7/20/1946
34 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem south kona, above honaunau windswept ridge; Metrosideros, Scaevola gaudichaudii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. collector number: 2072 Oahu BISH 8/22/1987
35 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem Foster Botanic Garden full sun PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 2893 Oahu BISH 10/28/1986
36 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem waita reservoir, nw side along bank PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 1240 Kauai BISH 9/26/1985
37 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem Wheeler Army Airfield, on road between stables and Kamehameha Hwy. UTM 600998, 2373415. Mesic, non-native dominated area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Beachy, J. USARMY 413 Oahu BISH 2/3/2016
38 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem Honolulu, upper Palolo Valley weedy forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. s.n. Oahu BISH 12/25/1958
39 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem About 1000 feet elevation trees are growing wild along the road for about 1/2 mile going down to Napoopoo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Corn, C. not on sheet Hawaii BISH 9/4/1985
40 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem Tantalus, Makiki side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kerr, M. 393-O Oahu BISH 7/20/1946
41 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem tantalus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kerr, m. Oahu BISH 5/1/1946
42 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem upper Palolo Valley roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Garber, D.W. 29 Oahu BISH 11/2/1919
43 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem honolulu, upper palolo valley weedy forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. Oahu BISH 12/25/1958
44 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem east maui, hana road between mahiku and kaeliku roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 9907 Maui BISH 8/20/1933
45 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem East Maui, Hana Hwy. 3 mi from Hana town pasture with Psidium undergrowth PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Spence, G. 136 Maui BISH 12/20/1972
46 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem Tantalus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Richards s.n. Oahu BISH 2/23/1965
47 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem honolulu Open forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN landgraf, m.f. Oahu BISH 11/11/1955
48 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem East Maui, Hana District, ~2 mi. E of Hanawi Gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Webster, G.L. Gankin, R.; Herbst, D.R. Collector Number: 13961 Maui BISH 6/27/1968
49 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem Kaneohe, Haiku Valley valley bottom among guava trees PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 1335 Oahu BISH 2/8/1936
50 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem tantalus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN richards Oahu BISH 2/23/1965
51 Manihot carthagenensis subsp. glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem Waita Reservoir, NW side along bank PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 1240 Kauai BISH 9/26/1985
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